Vega Fernández ia a Colonel of Infantry in the reserve forces, with diplomas from the Chiefs of Staff and NATO Defence College. He has a degree in Psychology, a Masters in Peace, Security and Defence and a Doctorate in Peace and International Security. He has taken part in six multinational UN and NATO operations and served for six years in the General Subdirectorate of Foreign Affairs of the Spanish Ministry of Defence.
He is currently lecturer and secretary at the Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez Mellado (IUGM) of UNED (Spanish equivalent of the Open University) and teaches at other Spanish universities and military training centres.